Moteri za Pumbaa 60KW PMSM zitwara imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi PML60

1. Moteri y'insinga igororotse
• Imiterere y'ingufu za moteri igenda ihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva ku nsinga izengurutse ijya ku nsinga irambuye, ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzuza, impera ngufi, ubucucike bwinshi bw'ingufu n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusohora ubushyuhe.

2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubwirinzi bw'amashanyarazi menshi
• Moteri ikoresha ibikoresho bishya byo kurinda ubushyuhe n'imikorere kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa ku buryo bwo guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi bya SiC controllers kuri moteri zigenda zihuta cyane.

•3. Amapineri yihuta cyane kandi akomeye akingira
• Igishushanyo mbonera cya moteri gikoresha ibyuma bikingira ubushyuhe, bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gishushanyo cya 24000RPM/min; Kandi bishobora kubuza neza ko amashanyarazi yangiza ibyuma

4. Moteri ikonjeshwa n'amavuta
• Moteri ikoresha imiterere ikonjeshejwe n'amavuta yihuta cyane, ibyo bigatuma ingufu zitangwa nyuma y'uko ingano igabanutse, ibyo bigatuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza, ndetse binatuma ubuzima bw'imikorere bwa sisitemu burushaho kuba bwiza.

5. Imikorere myiza cyane ya NVH
• Rotor ya moteri ikoresha imiterere y'inkingi ihengamye, ibyo bigatuma NVH ya sisitemu ya moteri irushaho kuba nziza.

Mu bijyanye n’imikorere y’inganda, imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, na roboti zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, moteri zikoresha ingufu za rukuruzi zihoraho (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, PMSM) zagaragaye nk'amahitamo y'ingenzi kuri sisitemu zo gutwara bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo hejuru, ingano nto, n'imiterere y'imikorere yazo idasanzwe. Iyi nkuru itanga isesengura ryimbitse ry'ubu buryo bw'ingenzi bwa moteri uhereye ku bipimo bitandukanye, harimo ibisobanuro, amahame y'imikorere, imiterere y'imiterere, uburyo bwo kugenzura, ibyiza n'ibibi, ndetse no kugereranya na moteri za BLDC zikoresha ingufu zihindagurika.

I. Ibisobanuro n'ibiranga PMSM by'ingenzi

Moteri ihoraho ihuza amashanyarazi ni moteri ifite ibice bitatu ihuza amashanyarazi ya AC. Ikiranga cyayo ni uko rotor idasaba gukurura ibintu; ahubwo, ikora imbaraga zihoraho za magneti binyuze mu mashini zihoraho (urugero: neodymium-iron-boron, samarium-cobalt), ikorana neza n'imbaraga zizenguruka zikorwa na stator windings.

Ugereranyije na moteri zisanzwe zikoresha induction, PMSM zifite inyungu zikomeye:

Ese?● Ubushobozi bwo hejuru: Rotor nta gihombo cyo gushyushya (igihombo cy'umuringa ni gito cyane), bigatuma imbaraga ziruta iz'imashini zitwara umuriro zirenga 30%.

Ese?● Uburyo bworoshye bwo gusubiza: Ishobora gutanga torque yuzuye ku muvuduko wa zero, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba guhagarara kenshi.

Ese?● Urusaku ruto n'imbaraga zoroshye: Yakozwe ifite imbaraga za sinusoidal back electromotive force (EMF), ikora neza cyane.

Ese?● Ingufu nyinshi: Imbaraga rukuruzi za rotor zitangwa na rukuruzi zihoraho, zikuraho igice cyo gushyushya mu muyoboro wa stator. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingufu za sisitemu zegera kuri 1.

(PMSM)

II. Ihame ry'imikorere rya PMSM

Imikorere ya PMSM ishingiye ku buryo bwa "stator-rotor magnetic field synchronization", bukora ku buryo bukurikira:

1. Gukora ingufu za rukuruzi zizunguruka za stator: Iyo ingufu za rukuruzi zizunguruka za stator zifite ibyiciro bitatu zikoreshejwe mu mpande eshatu, ingufu za rukuruzi zizunguruka zikorwa mu cyuho cy'umwuka, zizunguruka ku muvuduko uhuza ns=60f/p.

(aho f ari inshuro y'amashanyarazi na p ni umubare w'imirongo y'inkingi).

2.Guhuza ingufu za rukuruzi za rotor: Imbaraga za rukuruzi zituruka kuri rukuruzi zihoraho za rotor zikorana n'imbaraga za rukuruzi zizenguruka za stator, bigatuma rotor izenguruka ku muvuduko uhuye n'umuvuduko wa stator.

​3. Imiterere yo kutangiza ubwayo: Bitewe n'aho rotor iherereye mbere itazwi ndetse no kudashobora gukora torque yo gutangira ubwayo, PMSM zisaba guhuza na inverter (itanga imbaraga zihindagurika) kugira ngo zitangire buhoro. Imikorere isanzwe itangira gusa nyuma y'uko umuvuduko ugeze ku rugero runaka.

III. Imiterere y'ibanze ya PMSM: Stator na Rotor

Imiterere ya PMSM isa n'iya moteri isanzwe ihuza ibintu, ariko imiterere yayo ya rotor ni yo itandukanya ibintu, igira ingaruka ku mikorere n'ikoreshwa ryayo.

1. Stator: Ikigo cy'Ihinduranya ry'Ingufu

Imiterere ya stator ijyanye cyane n’iya moteri zitwara amashanyarazi zikoresha AC, zigizwe ahanini n’inkingi y’icyuma n’imizunguruko y’ibyiciro bitatu:

Ese?● Urufatiro rw'icyuma: Rukozwe mu mpapuro z'icyuma za silikoni zikozwe muri laminated kugira ngo rugabanye igihombo cy'umuyoboro w'amazi.

● Ingufu: Ingufu z'ibyiciro bitatu zikwirakwizwa mu buryo bwa sinusoida mu myanya ya stator. Iyo zikoreshejwe ingufu, zikora EMF y'inyuma hafi ya sinusoida, zigatuma umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi bisohoka biri mu cyiciro (bikongera ingufu).

2. Rotor: Ingufu zikoreshwa na Magnets zihoraho

Rotor idafite imiyoboro ishyushya kandi ikora imbaraga zayo za rukuruzi binyuze muri rukuruzi zihoraho. Igabanyijwemo ubwoko bubiri hashingiwe ku buryo bwo gushyiraho rukuruzi zihoraho:

Ese?● Moteri Ihoraho Ihuza Amakuru (SPM): Amakuru ahoraho afatanye ku buso bwa rotor kandi agatwikirwa n'agasanduku karinda (urugero: fibre ya karuboni) kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kwa centrifugal. Irangwa n'ubucucike bwinshi bw'amakuru akoresha umwuka, SPM ni nziza cyane mu gukoresha ingano n'uburemere (urugero: drones drives).

Ese?● Moteri y'imbere ihoraho ya Magnet Synchronous (IPM): Magnet ihoraho ishyirwa imbere muri rotor (urugero, mu duce dufite ishusho ya V cyangwa U). Binyuze mu gukoresha torque idashaka (torque y'inyongera iterwa n'uruziga rw'amashanyarazi rudasazwe rw'inyuma rwa rotor), IPM zongerera ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro. Hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo hejuru n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusimbuka, IPM zikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu zo gutwara ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi.

(MOTORI Y'IBIHUGU)

IV. Ihame ryo kugenzura PMSM: Igenzura rya Vector na Tekinoloji y'Ikoranabuhanga

Kugira ngo hagerwe ku muvuduko wo hejuru no kugenzura torque, PMSM zishingikiriza ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura vector (Field-Oriented Control, FOC). Ishingiro ryayo rikubiyemo guhindura ingano ya AC y’ibice bitatu mu ngano ya DC (dq axis) muri sisitemu izenguruka binyuze mu guhindura imiterere, bigatuma habaho kugenzura torque n’ingufu byigenga.

Intambwe z'ingenzi mu igenzura:

​1. Gutahura aho poroteyine iherereye: Gufata umwanya wa roteyine n'umuvuduko wayo mu buryo nyabwo hakoreshejwe encoder cyangwa resolver, bitanga icyerekezo cy'ingufu zo guhindura umurongo.

2. Gufata ingero n'impinduka: Gukusanya imiyoboro ya stator ifite ibyiciro bitatu, ihinduka imiyoboro ya dq axis currents igenzura torque) binyuze mu mpinduka ya Clarke/Park.

3. Kubara DSP na modulation ya PWM: Poroseseri y'ibimenyetso bya digitale (DSP) ibarura agaciro k'imiyoboro ya dq axis currents hashingiwe ku muvuduko n'umuvuduko, hanyuma igakora ibimenyetso bya inverter drive binyuze muri Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) kugira ngo igenzure voltage ya stator na frequency.

Ibyiza bya tekiniki: Vector control decouples flux na torque, igabanya igihe cyo gusubiza dynamic kuri milisegonda kandi igatuma torque yose isohoka ku muvuduko wa zero. Ariko, bisaba DSPs cyangwa MCU zifite imikorere yo hejuru, bikongera imiterere y’imikorere.

V. Ibyiza n'ibibi bya PMSM

VI. PMSM vs. BLDC Variable Frequency Moteri: Imiyoboro ya tekiniki n'itandukaniro ry'ikoreshwa

Moteri za PMSM na BLDC (Blushless DC Variable Frequency Motors) zombi zishingiye kuri magnets zihoraho na commutation y'ikoranabuhanga, ariko zitandukanye mu mwanya zikoreshwa:

Ese?● BLDC: Yibanda ku giciro gito kandi yoroshye kugenzura, ikoresheje icyuma gikoresha umuyoboro wa kare (trapezoidal back EMF). Ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bikoresho bifite ubuziranenge buke, nk'amafeni n'amapompo y'amazi.

Ese?● PMSM: Ishyira imbere imikorere n'ubuhanga bwo hejuru, ikoresheje sinusoidal drive (sinusoidal back EMF) kandi ishyigikira kugenzura vector. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka robots zo mu nganda n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Umwanzuro

Kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo hejuru, ingano nto, hamwe n'uburyo ikora neza cyane, moteri ihoraho ihuza ingufu za rukuruzi yabaye "ishingiro ry'ingufu" mu nganda n'inzego nshya z'ingufu. Nubwo hari imbogamizi mu bijyanye n'ibiciro no kugenzura, iterambere mu bikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho (urugero, samarium-iron-azote ihendutse) n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga bizakomeza kwagura uburyo ikoreshwa. Mu gihe kizaza, PMSM zizakomeza kugira uruhare runini mu nzego zigezweho nko gukora ibikoresho by'ubwenge no gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwigenga.