Moteri za Pumbaa 350KW PMSM zitwara imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi PML350

1. Moteri y'insinga igororotse
• Imiterere y'ingufu za moteri igenda ihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva ku nsinga izengurutse ijya ku nsinga irambuye, ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzuza, impera ngufi, ubucucike bwinshi bw'ingufu n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusohora ubushyuhe.

2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubwirinzi bw'amashanyarazi menshi
• Moteri ikoresha ibikoresho bishya byo kurinda ubushyuhe n'imikorere kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa ku buryo bwo guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi bya SiC controllers kuri moteri zigenda zihuta cyane.

•3. Amapineri yihuta cyane kandi akomeye akingira
• Igishushanyo mbonera cya moteri gikoresha ibyuma bikingira ubushyuhe, bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gishushanyo cya 24000RPM/min; Kandi bishobora kubuza neza ko amashanyarazi yangiza ibyuma

4. Moteri ikonjeshwa n'amavuta
• Moteri ikoresha imiterere ikonjeshejwe n'amavuta yihuta cyane, ibyo bigatuma ingufu zitangwa nyuma y'uko ingano igabanutse, ibyo bigatuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza, ndetse binatuma ubuzima bw'imikorere bwa sisitemu burushaho kuba bwiza.

5. Imikorere myiza cyane ya NVH
• Rotor ya moteri ikoresha imiterere y'inkingi ihengamye, ibyo bigatuma NVH ya sisitemu ya moteri irushaho kuba nziza.

Moteri Ihoraho Ihuza Ibikoresho by'Ingufu Zikoresha Magnet (PMSM) ni moteri ihoraho ikoreshwa cyane mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs). Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza ku kigero cya 15% kurusha moteri zikoresha induction (IMs) kandi ikaba ifite imbaraga nyinshi muri moteri zikoresha induction, yabaye inkingi ikomeye ya sisitemu zigezweho zo gutwara amashanyarazi (EVs).

1. Moteri ihoraho ya Magnet Synchronous (PMSM) ni iki?

Nk'ubwoko bwa moteri ihuza AC, PMSM ikora imbaraga zayo za rukuruzi binyuze muri rukuruzi zihoraho zikora imbaraga za sinusoidal counter-electromotive. Nubwo isangiye imiterere ya stator na rotor na moteri zitwara induction, rotor ya PMSM ikoresha rukuruzi zihoraho (PMs) aho gukoresha ingufu za field windings kugira ngo ikore imbaraga zayo za rukuruzi—ibi bikaba byarayihesheje izina rindi "moteri ya magnet sine-wave itagira brushless three-phase."
Ugereranyije na moteri zisanzwe, PMSM zikora neza mu mikorere myiza, imiterere yazo idakoresha uburoso, umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka cyane, umutekano, n'imikorere yazo ihindagurika. Zitanga torque nziza kandi zifite urusaku ruke, bigatuma ziba nziza mu bikorwa byihuta cyane nka robotike. Nk'imoteri zihuza AC z'icyiciro cya gatatu, zikora mu buryo buhuye n'amashanyarazi yo hanze ya AC.

PMSM zitagira imiyoboro ya rotor; ahubwo, magnets zihoraho zikora imbaraga za rukuruzi zizenguruka mu buryo butaziguye. Ibi bikuraho gukenera gushyushya DC, byoroshya imiterere yazo kandi bigabanya ikiguzi. Ibice byazo by'ingenzi birimo stator (ifite imiyoboro itatu) na rotor (ifite PM). Gukoresha stator hifashishijwe AC y'icyiciro cya gatatu bitangira gukora.

Imikorere ya PMSM ijyanye n'imikorere ya moteri zihuza: ikoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi zizunguruka (RMF) kugira ngo itere imbaraga za electromotive ku muvuduko uhuza. Iyo AC y'ibice bitatu ikoreshejwe ku mizunguruko ya stator, RMF igaragara mu cyuho cy'umwuka. Uko PM za rotor zizenguruka hamwe n'iyi RMF, torque irakorwa. Ikigaragara ni uko PMSM zitazitangira ubwazo kandi zikenera ingufu zihindagurika kugira ngo zikore.

2. Imiterere ya PMSM Moteri

Stator: Kimwe na moteri zisanzwe zikoresha AC, stator ya PMSM yakira ingufu binyuze mu mizunguruko yayo. Izi mizunguruko zikunze gukwirakwizwa mu myanya myinshi mu buryo bugaragara hafi ya sinusoidal kugira ngo habeho umuraba wa sinusoidal back-electromotive force (EMF).

Rotor: Igishushanyo mbonera cya rotor gitandukanya PMSM na moteri z’ibanze zihuza. Aho gukoresha umuyaga wo mu butaka, rotor ikoresha magneti zihoraho kugira ngo ikore inkingi zayo za magneti. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya PM birimo samarium-cobalt na neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) kubera ko zitanga amashanyarazi menshi kandi zihendutse. PMSM zishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe aho PM ishyirwa:

·PMSM yo hejuru (SPM): PM zifatanye n'ubuso bwa rotor.

·Imbere muri PMSM (IPM): PM ziba zishyizwe muri rotor. Imiterere ya IPM itanga imikorere myiza cyane.

(PMSM)

3. Amahame yo kugenzura PMSM

Disiki ya PMSM ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya kera ryo kugenzura vekteri, rituma habaho kugenzura umuvuduko ufunze neza. Sisitemu ya closed-loop ikoresha uburyo bwo gusubiza umuvuduko kugira ngo ikurikirane aho rotor iri mu gihe nyacyo, ishyigikira uburyo umuvuduko utagira intambwe—harimo na torque yuzuye ku muvuduko wa zeru.

Imashini ipima aho ikirere giherereye (urugero, encoder cyangwa resolver) ishyirwa ku gice cy’imashini kugira ngo imenye aho icyuma giherereye. Hakoreshejwe ibipimo bya moteri n’ibipimo by’amashanyarazi (bikozwe na poroseseri y’ibimenyetso by’ikoranabuhanga yihuta cyane, DSP), iyi mashini ibara aho icyuma giherereye. Muri buri gihe cyo gufata ingero, sisitemu ya AC y’ibice bitatu ihinduka sisitemu izenguruka ifite ibice bibiri, aho amashanyarazi agabanywamo ibice bitaziguye (d) na quadrature (q) kugira ngo bigenzurwe byigenga.

Hashingiwe ku ngamba zo kugenzura vector, iyi disiki ikora ibice by'amashanyarazi bya dq bihuye na torque y'icyerekezo. Izi referensi zikoreshwa mu gutanga ibimenyetso byo gutwara amarembo kuri inverter. Akamaro k'ingenzi ni uburyo ikora vuba: ingaruka zo guhuza torque na flux zicungwa binyuze mu kugenzura gutandukanya (guhuza stator flux), bigatuma habaho kugenzura torque na flux byigenga. Ariko, ubu buryo bukomeye bwo kubara busaba ko disiki ikoresha poroseseri yihuta cyangwa DSP.

4. Ibyiza n'ibibi bya PMSM

Ibyiza:

·Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusimbuza ibintu byinshi; ubucucike bw'ingufu burenze kure ubw'imoteri zitwara ibintu.

·Ikoranabuhanga riri hejuru (15% kurusha IM) n'ingano nto (1/3 cy'ingano ya moteri zisanzwe), byoroshya ishyirwaho n'ibungabungwa.

·Itanga torque yuzuye ku muvuduko muto.

·Gutakaza umuringa wa rotor (nta gushyushya umuringa binyuze mu muyoboro wa stator), bigabanya ubushyuhe no kongera igihe cyo kubaho.

Igishushanyo mbonera kidakoresha uburoso gikuraho ibyuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga, kikagabanya kwangirika, kwangirika, n'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga, ariko kandi kirinda ibyago bishobora guterwa n'ikirere kibi.

·Ingufu nyinshi zituma sisitemu ikora neza kandi zikagabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi.

·Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi woroshye hamwe n'imikorere myiza cyane.

Ingaruka mbi:

·Ikiguzi kiri hejuru ugereranije na moteri zitwara induction.

·Ntabwo ari ukwitangiza; bisaba ingufu zihindagurika kugira ngo utangire.

·Hakenewe uburyo buhambaye bwo kugenzura imiyoboro ya stator.

(Moteri irimo gukora)

Umwanzuro

Moteri Ihoraho ya Magnet Synchronous (PMSM) yagaragaye nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi muri sisitemu za EV drive, iyobowe n'ubushobozi bwayo budasanzwe, imbaraga nyinshi, n'imikorere yayo idasanzwe. Binyuze mu gukuraho imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'uburoso binyuze mu gukurura magneti bidashira, PMSM zigabanya igihombo kandi zikongera icyizere. Hagati aho, ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura vector rituma habaho kugenzura torque no flux mu buryo bwigenga, ritanga ibintu by'ingenzi nka zero-speed full torque no gusubiza vuba.

Nubwo PMSM zihura n'imbogamizi—ibiciro biri hejuru, ibisabwa bitari ibyo kwihutisha, hamwe na sisitemu zigoye zo kugenzura—ubwiganze bwazo muri EV buracyari ntagereranywa. Imikorere yazo (15% kurusha IM), ingano nto (1/3 cy'ingano ya moteri zisanzwe), hamwe no kugumana torque yihuta cyane bituma ziba ngombwa cyane kuri EV zikora neza kandi zikora neza.

Uko iterambere ry’ibikoresho by’ubutaka budasanzwe (urugero, NdFeB N52), uburyo bwo kugenzura bushingiye ku buhanga bwa AI (urugero, uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu mbere y’uko bitangira), na porogaramu za 800V zifite ingufu nyinshi z’amashanyarazi bizakomeza kwiyongera, PMSM zizakomeza gutera imbere—zinoze ikiguzi, imikorere, no kuramba. Mu gihe urebye imbere, PMSM zizakomeza uruhare rwazo nk' "umutima w'imbaraga" za EV, zigatera imbere mu nganda kandi zigashyigikira intego zo kutagira karuboni ku isi.