Moteri za Pumbaa 160KW PMSM zitwara imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi PML160

1. Moteri y'insinga igororotse
• Imiterere y'ingufu za moteri igenda ihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva ku nsinga izengurutse ijya ku nsinga irambuye, ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzuza, impera ngufi, ubucucike bwinshi bw'ingufu n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusohora ubushyuhe.

2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubwirinzi bw'amashanyarazi menshi
• Moteri ikoresha ibikoresho bishya byo kurinda ubushyuhe n'imikorere kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa ku buryo bwo guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi bya SiC controllers kuri moteri zigenda zihuta cyane.

3. Amasafuriya yihuta cyane kandi akomeye akingira
• Igishushanyo mbonera cya moteri gikoresha ibyuma bikingira ubushyuhe, bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gishushanyo cya 24000RPM/min; Kandi bishobora kubuza neza ko amashanyarazi yangiza ibyuma

4. Moteri ikonjeshwa n'amavuta
• Moteri ikoresha imiterere ikonjeshejwe n'amavuta yihuta cyane, ibyo bigatuma ingufu zitangwa nyuma y'uko ingano igabanutse, ibyo bigatuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza, ndetse binatuma ubuzima bw'imikorere bwa sisitemu burushaho kuba bwiza.

5. Imikorere myiza cyane ya NVH
• Rotor ya moteri ikoresha imiterere y'inkingi ihengamye, ibyo bigatuma NVH ya sisitemu ya moteri irushaho kuba nziza.

Mu rwego rw'ingamba mpuzamahanga za "Dual Carbon" (Isonga rya Karuboni na Karuboni Itagira Ingufu) ndetse n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda zikora ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (EV), moteri ihoraho ihuza ingufu za rukuruzi (PMSM), irangwa n'imikorere myiza, ubucucike, n'ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi, yabaye igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu nshya zo gutwara ibinyabiziga by'ingufu (NEV). Iyi nkuru izasesengura byimbitse agaciro k'ingenzi n'icyerekezo gishya cya PMSM uhereye ku mahame y'imiterere, imiterere ya electromagnetic, n'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga.

I. Imiterere y'ingenzi ya PMSM: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imikoranire ya Rotor na Stator

Igice cy'ibanze cya PMSM kigizwe na stator (igice kitahagaze) na rotor (igice kizunguruka). Imiterere yabyo ihuriweho ni yo igena imikorere ya moteri.

Imiterere ya Stator
Kimwe na moteri zisanzwe zitagira uburyo buhuriweho, stator igizwe n'inkingi y'icyuma n'impande eshatu. Inkingi y'icyuma ikorwa hakoreshejwe laminating silicon steel sheets kugira ngo igabanye igihombo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Inkingi zikoresha inkingi zikwirakwizwa (U/V/W 3 phases), hamwe n'umubare w'izunguruka n'ubuso bw'igice bikozwe neza hashingiwe ku ngufu zikenewe kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere myiza y'ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Imiterere y'ifunguka ry'icyuho (urugero: inkingi zifite ishusho ya pear, inkingi zifite uruziga) mu nkingi y'icyuma ya stator igabanya ihindagurika ry'ingufu, bigatuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza.

Imiterere ya Rotor
Itandukaniro mu mikorere ya PMSM rituruka ahanini ku bwoko bwa rotor, hamwe n'ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi:

PMSM Ishyizwe ku Buso (SPMSM): Magneti zihoraho zifatanye ku buso bwa rotor, zitwikiriwe n'agakoresho karinda (urugero: fibre ya karuboni). Iyi miterere ifite imiterere yoroshye kandi ihendutse ariko ifite umuvuduko muto ugabanya imbaraga, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu kwihuta ku buryo bworoshye (urugero: bisi zikoresha amashanyarazi).

​Imbere muri PMSM (IPMSM):​​Magnetike zihoraho zishyirwa muri rotor (mu buryo bwa V, U, cyangwa radial). Binyuze mu gukoresha torque idashaka kugira ngo ifashe mu gusohora, yongera cyane umuvuduko ugabanuka mu butaka (kugeza ku nshuro 2-3 z'umuvuduko w'ibanze) kandi yongera ubudahangarwa bwo kudakoresha magnetize. Ubwo bwoko ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (urugero: Tesla Model 3, BYD e-platform 3.0).

(Ishusho y'imiterere y'imbere ya moteri)

II. Ihame ry'imikorere: Ishingiro ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ikorwa ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi

Imikorere ya PMSM ishingiye ku itegeko rya Faraday ryo gukurura ingufu za elegitoroniki n'imikoranire y'inkingi za elegitoroniki. Iyo ingufu za elegitoroniki zisimburana (AC) zikoreshejwe ku mizunguruko ya stator, imbaraga za elegitoroniki zizunguruka zirakorwa. Ingufu za elegitoroniki zihoraho (cyangwa inkingi za elegitoroniki zishyizwemo) zikurikiza uyu murima uzunguruka bitewe n'ihame rya "inkingi zireshya impande zombi", bigatuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihinduka ingufu za mekanike neza.

(Ishusho y'imiterere ya moteri)

III. Ibyiza by'ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu nganda

Ugereranije na moteri zitwara induction (IMs), PMSM zifite inyungu z'ingenzi:

Ubushobozi bwo hejuru: ​Bidafashije cyane: Kubera ko nta gihombo cyo gushyushya icyuma kiri muri rotor (igihombo cy'umuringa kiri muri rotor kigera kuri 20%–30% bya IM), PMSM zigira ubushobozi bwo gukora neza bwa 95%–97% (ugereranyije na ~85%–90% kuri IM), bigabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za EV (binoza urwego rwo gutwara ho 10%–15%).

Ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi: Ingufu zihoraho zitanga umurongo uhoraho w'umwuka n'icyuho udasaba ingufu z'amashanyarazi, bigabanya ingano ya 30% ugereranije n'ingufu zimwe z'amashanyarazi—ni byiza cyane ku bushobozi bukomeye bw'ingufu za EV bwo kuba ndende mu kirere.

Ingano y’Umuvuduko Mugari: Ihujwe n’igenzura rya vektori (Field-Oriented Control, FOC), IPMSM zitanga umuvuduko uhoraho wa torque uri munsi y’umuvuduko w’ibanze (0–10.000 rpm) n’umuvuduko uhoraho w’imbaraga uri hejuru y’umuvuduko w’ibanze (binyuze mu kugabanya imbaraga z’ubutaka kugira ngo umuvuduko wongere), zigasobanura ibintu byose bikorwa kuva ku gutangira umuvuduko muto kugeza ku kugenda ku muvuduko mwinshi.

Muri iki gihe, PMSM zikoreshwa cyane muri EVs (urugero, moteri ya NIO ET7 ifite imbaraga za 210kW zitwara amapine y'inyuma), robots zo mu nganda (servo drives zifite ubuhanga buhanitse), ibikoresho byo mu rugo (compressors zikoresha conditioner zihindagurika), n'ibindi. Zigize hejuru ya 60% by'isoko rya NEV, zikaba ari inkunga y'ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga ku ntego ya "Dual Carbon".

IV. Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza: Guhanga udushya mu bufatanye mu bikoresho no kugenzura

Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga muri gahunda za PMSM riri gutera imbere mu byerekezo bibiri by'ingenzi:

Kuvugurura ibikoresho: Gukoresha ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho bya rare-earth bifite remanence nyinshi n'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe buri hasi (urugero, neodymium iron boron [NdFeB] N52), bihujwe n'igishushanyo cya "segmented magnet steel + magnetic circuit optimization", kugira ngo bihagarare ibyago byo gukuraho rukuruzi mu bushyuhe bwinshi (gukemura iyangirika ry'imikorere mu gihe kiri hejuru ya 150°C).

Kugenzura Algorithm Ikora: Guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya AI na Model Predictive Control (MPC) na moteri y'ibyumviro mu gihe nyacyo (urugero, kugabanya flux linkage attenuation, ubushyuhe bwo kuzunguruka) no guhindura ibipimo bya FOC mu buryo buhindagurika, birushaho kunoza imikorere n'ubwizerwe (hafi 98%).

(Ihame ry'igenzura)

Umwanzuro

Nk'"umutima w'imbaraga" w'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, udushya mu miterere n'iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura PMSM birimo gutera NEVs kugera ku ntera ndende, imbaraga zikomeye, n'ubwenge bwo hejuru. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe no gusukura ibikoresho by'ubutaka budakunze kuboneka, guhuza na platforms za 800V zifite voltage nyinshi, no gukwirakwiza uburyo bwo kugenzura AI, PMSM zizakomeza kuyobora icyerekezo cy'udushya muri sisitemu zo gutwara.