Chassis y'ikamyo itwara ibinyabiziga bikomeye ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi ya Pumbaa

Igishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe, gikozwe muri modular
Guhuza imiyoboro itandukanye y'umubiri, hamwe n'ingufu nini, kugira ngo habeho ingufu zikenewe mu bihe bitandukanye by'akazi

1. Sisitemu yo kuyobora​

Kimwe n'ibinyabiziga bisanzwe, sisitemu yo kuyobora imodoka mu modoka zitwara imizigo (EV) igenzura icyerekezo cy'imodoka. Ubusanzwe ikubiyemo ibice nk'umuyoboro w'imodoka, inkingi yo kuyobora imodoka, ibikoresho byo kuyobora imodoka (urugero: sisitemu yo kuyobora imodoka mu ngufu z'amashanyarazi, EPS), uburyo bwo kuyobora imodoka, n'inkoni zo gufata. Sisitemu zo kuyobora imodoka zitwara imizigo zifite amashanyarazi menshi, akenshi zikoresha ubufasha bw'amashanyarazi kugira ngo zongere uburyo bwo kuyobora imodoka no gukoresha neza ingufu.

2. Sisitemu yo gufunga feri​

Uretse gukoresha feri isanzwe yo gufunga (hydraulic disque cyangwa drum feri), sisitemu zo gufunga feri za EV zirimo ubushobozi bwo kugarura ingufu. Binyuze muri sisitemu zo gufunga feri zisubiramo (urugero, Brake Energy Regeneration, BSR), ingufu za kinetic zikorwa mu gihe cyo kugabanya umuvuduko cyangwa gufunga feri zihindurwamo ingufu z'amashanyarazi hanyuma zigasubizwa muri bateri, bityo bikanoza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Byongeye kandi, EV zisanzwe zifite sisitemu zigezweho zo gufasha abashoferi (urugero, ESP) kugira ngo zongere umutekano w'abashoferi.

3. Sisitemu yo guhagarika​

Sisitemu yo guhagarara muri EV igizwe n'ibice nka springs, shock absorbers, stabilizer bars, n'amaboko yo kugenzura. Imiterere yayo igamije gutuma urugendo rugenda neza, ubwiza bw'imodoka, no gutuma abagenzi bamererwa neza. Imiterere yo guhagarara ishobora kunozwa hashingiwe ku buremere bwihariye bwa EVs (urugero, aho bateri ishyirwa) kugira ngo iringanize imizigo y'imbere n'inyuma, igabanye uburemere butarahagarara, kandi yongere imikorere muri rusange.

4. Sisitemu yo gutwara amashanyarazi​

Sisitemu yo gutwara amashanyarazi ikubiyemo:

·Umugenzuzi w’amashanyarazi (PEC): Acunga ibipimo by’imikorere ya moteri nka voltage, amashanyarazi, n’umuvuduko, kandi yorohereza itumanaho na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) n’izindi sisitemu ziri mu bwato.

·Moteri y'amashanyarazi: Isimbura moteri ikoresha umuriro w'imbere nk'isoko y'amashanyarazi, akenshi ikoresha moteri zihoraho zikoresha magnet (PMSM) cyangwa moteri zikoresha AC zidafite syncrench (ASM). Moteri ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi mo ingufu za mekanike kugira ngo iyobore amapine cyangwa izikoreshe mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu byuma bigabanya umuriro nk'ibigabanya umuriro.

·Sisitemu yo Gukwirakwiza Imashini: Irimo uburyo bwo kohereza umuvuduko umwe, uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko, n'uburyo bwo guhindura torque ya moteri ku mapine, bigatuma umuvuduko ukwiye n'uburyo bwo guhindura torque. Imodoka za EV zikoresha uburyo bworoshye kandi bunoze bwo kohereza umuvuduko umwe kugira ngo bigabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'uburemere bwa sisitemu.

·Amapine atwarwa: Yakira ingufu ziturutse kuri moteri kugira ngo ikinyabiziga gitere imbere.

5. Sisitemu Nkuru y'Ingufu (Isoko ry'Amashanyarazi)

Paki ya bateri ikora nk'isoko y'amashanyarazi ya EV, ibika ingufu z'amashanyarazi kandi ikaziha sisitemu y'amashanyarazi uko bikenewe. Ubusanzwe iherereye hasi cyangwa ahantu runaka h'imashini, paki ya bateri ikora neza hagati y'ibinyabiziga mu gukwirakwiza imbaraga z'uburemere n'imiterere y'imbere mu mwanya.

6. Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu​

Ishinzwe kugenzura uko bateri ihagaze, kugenzura uburyo bwo gusharija/gusohora umuriro, no kunoza ingamba zo gukwirakwiza no gusubiza ingufu kugira ngo bateri ikomeze gukora neza kandi igere ku rugero rwo kuyitwara. Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu ikorana bya hafi n'umugenzuzi w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo irebe ko sisitemu yose yo gutwara amashanyarazi ikora neza kandi mu mutekano.

Ubu buryo buhuriweho bwongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza ingufu, bugabanya uburemere bw'ibinyabiziga, kandi bugatuma ingufu zikwirakwizwa neza, bityo bigatuma umwanya ukoreshwa neza. Ikigaragara ni uko ugereranije na moteri zisanzwe zikoresha umuriro, kugenzura moteri birushaho kuba ingorabahizi n'imbogamizi.

Kugira ngo hakemurwe ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ingufu zidasubira kandi zihuze n’ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije, iterambere rya EV ni ngombwa. Nk’igice cy’ingenzi cy’ibinyabiziga, igishushanyo mbonera cya EV kigomba gukoresha uburyo bushya, kunoza ishingiro ry’imodoka zigezweho, kugabanya ingendo z’iterambere, no kugabanya ikiguzi. Ubu buryo bugabanya ibyago byo guteza imbere kandi bugatuma umusaruro urushaho kwiyongera.